Explore the popular coastal town of Whitby, which is rich in history and brimming with activities to make the most of your visit.
The Rich History of Whitby
Whitby’s history dates back over a thousand years and is intertwined with maritime tradition, religious significance, and literary inspiration.
The Early Years
Whitby’s earliest recorded history begins with the establishment of a monastery by King Oswiu of Northumbria in 657 AD. The monastery, known as Streonshalh, was founded by St Hilda and became a significant religious centre. The Synod of Whitby in 664 AD, held at the monastery, was a pivotal event in the history of the English Church. It determined the method of calculating Easter and aligned English Christianity more closely with Roman practices.
The original monastery was destroyed during Viking raids in the 9th century, a fate common for many early Christian sites in England. The Vikings established a settlement, which they named Whitby, derived from the Old Norse “Hvítabýr,” meaning “white settlement.”
Post-Norman Conquest
In the late 11th century, following the Norman Conquest, Reinfrid, a former soldier of William the Conqueror, re-founded the monastery as a Benedictine abbey. Whitby Abbey grew in wealth and influence, dominating the town and region. The abbey’s ruins, which still stand today, are iconic and have been a prominent feature of Whitby’s landscape for centuries.
Maritime Hub
Whitby’s coastal location made it an important maritime hub. During the Middle Ages, it became a centre for many years for shipbuilding and fishing, industries that would define the town’s economy. The port of Whitby was known for producing whaling ships in the 18th century. The town’s sailors ventured into the Arctic, bringing back whale oil and blubber, which were essential for Britain’s growing industries.
Captain James Cook
One of Whitby’s most famous historical figures is Captain James Cook, the renowned explorer. Cook served his apprenticeship in Whitby, learning the skills that would later enable him to navigate and map large portions of the Pacific Ocean. The house where Cook once lived is now the Captain Cook Memorial Museum, preserving his legacy and connection to Whitby.
Literary Inspiration
Whitby’s dramatic scenery has inspired numerous writers and artists. The town is famously associated with Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula. Stoker visited Whitby in 1890 and was captivated by its gothic atmosphere, which influenced the setting of his novel. The 199 steps leading up to Whitby Abbey and the abbey’s eerie ruins play a crucial role in the book’s narrative.
Seaside Resort
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Whitby developed as a popular seaside resort, attracting visitors with its sandy beaches, scenic views, and fresh sea air. The arrival of the railway in 1839 made the town more accessible, boosting its tourism industry.
Modern Whitby
Today, Whitby retains its historical charm while embracing modern tourism. The town hosts numerous festivals, such as the Whitby Goth Weekend and the Whitby Folk Week, celebrating its diverse cultural heritage. The annual Whitby Regatta, one of the oldest sea regattas in the country, reflects the town’s enduring maritime traditions.
What to See and Do
From historic landmarks to scenic walks, Whitby promises an enriching experience steeped in history, culture, and natural beauty.
Whitby Abbey
Perched high on the East Cliff, Whitby Abbey is the town’s most iconic landmark. These dramatic ruins of the 7th-century monastery, founded by St Hilda, offer breathtaking views of the town and the North Sea. The abbey features an interactive visitor centre where you can delve into its rich history.
Captain Cook Memorial Museum
The Captain Cook Memorial Museum, located in the 17th-century house where James Cook lodged as an apprentice, is a must-visit. The museum houses a collection of artefacts, maps, and letters related to Cook’s voyages, providing a fascinating insight into the life and achievements of one of the world’s greatest explorers.
Whitby Beach
Whitby boasts a beautiful sandy beach, perfect for a leisurely stroll, building sandcastles, or simply relaxing by the sea. The beach is divided into West Cliff Beach and Tate Hill Beach, both offering spectacular views and opportunities for rock pooling and fossil hunting.
199 Steps
The 199 Steps, or Church Stairs, lead from the town up to St Mary’s Church and Whitby Abbey. Climbing these steps is a rewarding experience, offering panoramic views of the harbour and town. The steps are also a key feature in Bram Stoker’s Dracula, adding a layer of literary intrigue to the journey.
St Mary’s Church
At the top of the 199 Steps, you’ll find St Mary’s Church, a fascinating building with a history dating back to the 12th century. The churchyard, with its weathered tombstones, is famously mentioned in Dracula. The interior of the church is equally intriguing, with its box pews and medieval artefacts.
Whitby Harbour
Whitby Harbour, with its picturesque boats and bustling activity, is the heart of the town. Visitors can enjoy boat trips, including fishing excursions, whale watching (seasonal), and leisurely harbour cruises. The harbour is also a great spot for watching the traditional swing bridge in action.
Whitby Museum and Pannett Park
Whitby Museum, located in Pannett Park, offers a treasure trove of local history, geology, and maritime exhibits. Highlights include fossils, Whitby jet jewellery, and artefacts from the whaling industry. After exploring the museum, you can relax in Pannett Park, a beautifully landscaped garden with a play area and scenic walking paths.
The Dracula Experience
For fans of the macabre, The Dracula Experience provides a thrilling walkthrough attraction that delves into the story of Dracula and its connection to Whitby. Featuring special effects and live actors, it’s an immersive way to explore the town’s gothic heritage.
Whitby Jet Shops
Whitby is renowned for its jet, a black gemstone formed from fossilised wood. There are several jet shops and workshops in town where you can learn about the history and craftsmanship of Whitby jet, and even purchase unique pieces of jewellery.
Whitby Lighthouse
Whitby Lighthouse, located on the East Pier, offers stunning views of the coastline and the town. It’s a peaceful spot for a walk, and you can often see anglers trying their luck along the pier.
North Yorkshire Moors Railway
For a nostalgic journey through the stunning Yorkshire countryside, take a trip on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway. This heritage steam railway runs between Whitby and Pickering, offering scenic views and a taste of vintage travel.
Where to Eat
Whitby is renowned for its culinary delights, particularly its seafood. The town’s rich maritime history and proximity to the North Sea ensure a bounty of fresh ingredients that local chefs turn into delectable dishes.
Magpie Café
The Magpie Café is an institution in Whitby famed for its fish and chips. Situated near the harbour, the café offers stunning views and an extensive menu that includes a variety of seafood dishes such as lobster, scallops, and Whitby’s famous smoked kippers. The Magpie’s reputation for quality and freshness makes it a must-visit.
Trenchers
Trenchers, another beloved fish and chip restaurant, offers a spacious dining area and a warm, welcoming atmosphere. Known for its crispy batter and perfectly cooked chips, Trenchers also features a range of other seafood dishes, as well as vegetarian options, ensuring something for everyone.
The Marine
For a chic and contemporary dining experience, The Marine is a top choice. This restaurant and bar offer a sophisticated menu featuring fresh seafood, meat dishes, and vegetarian options. The Marine is perfect for a special night out with its stylish decor and live music evenings.
Ditto
Ditto is a small, family-run bistro that has gained a loyal following for its intimate atmosphere and exceptional food. The menu changes regularly, reflecting the seasons and availability of local produce. Known for its creative dishes and attentive service, Ditto is ideal for a cosy and memorable meal.
Sanders Yard Bistro
Located in the heart of Whitby’s old town, Sanders Yard Bistro offers a delightful mix of breakfast, lunch, and dinner options in a charming courtyard setting. The menu features homemade soups, sandwiches, and hearty mains, with plenty of vegetarian and gluten-free choices. The bistro’s relaxed vibe makes it a great spot for a leisurely meal.
Rusty Shears
Rusty Shears is a quirky cafe and gin bar hidden away in a courtyard off Silver Street. Known for its vintage decor and extensive gin menu, it also offers an array of homemade cakes, sandwiches, and light bites. The eclectic ambiance and friendly service make it a unique dining experience in Whitby.
Humble Pie ‘n’ Mash
For a taste of traditional British comfort food, Humble Pie ‘n’ Mash is the place to go. This quaint eatery specialises in homemade pies with a variety of fillings, served with mash and gravy. The nostalgic decor and hearty meals provide a warm and satisfying dining experience.
Moutreys
Moutreys offers a taste of Italy in the heart of Whitby. This rustic pizzeria and Italian restaurant is known for its wood-fired pizzas, homemade pasta, and vibrant Mediterranean dishes. The lively atmosphere and open kitchen create a convivial dining experience perfect for families and groups.
The Moon and Sixpence
Overlooking the harbour, The Moon and Sixpence is a stylish bar and brasserie offering a diverse menu of international cuisine. From seafood platters to burgers and salads, there’s something for everyone. The contemporary decor and scenic views make it a favourite among locals and visitors alike.
Whitby offers a rich tapestry of historical landmarks, cultural experiences, and culinary delights, making it a perfect destination for an enriching and memorable visit.
